Challenge to Nation Building
Challenge to Nation Building is the chapter of Political Science of Class XII CBSE covering complete syllabus with Important Topics which is easy to understand and learn that benefit board appearing students’
Challenge to Nation Building
We know that India got Independence on Midnight of 14-15 August 1947 and Jawahar Lal Nehru became the first PM of Independent India . He delivered his first famous speech ” Tryst with Destiny” in the first special sessio of the Constituent Assembly. In the National Movements there were lots of demands to be fulfilled but there were TWO CHIEF goals for the nation building a) India will be governed by democratic form of Government b)The government will work for the good of all specially poor and socially backward people of the country
THREE CHALLENGE to NATION BUILDING : I After Independence India mainly faced three challenges in building the Nation as i)Accommodation and Unity ii)To Establish Democracy iii) To Develop the country with well being of Society .
i) Accommodation and Unity of Country : The most important challenge is to reshape and keep the country united along with the diversity of the Indian Society. People in India speak different languages and follow different culture and religion. It was serious concern about the unified Country with respect to integration of Indian Territory.
ii)To Establish Democracy was the next challenge as Constitution granted the fundamental rights and right to vote to every citizens of the country also adopted representative democracy with parliamentary form of government.
iii)To develop the country for the well being of the people was the third challenge because or constitution has provided equality and protection to socially backward and poor classes in field of religion and culture. Directive Principles of state Policy gave the path to develop the society.
PARTITION THE BLACK MEMORIES as CHALLENGE to NATION BUILDING
On 14-15 August 1947 the beautiful country British India was divided into two part India and Pakistan on the basis of two nation theory given by MUSLIM LEAGUE as India consist of two main communities Hindu and Muslim which seems to appear that they could not cp-exist in single country so they demanded Pakistan for Muslims.
Difficulties in the Process of Partition : The Idea of partition was very painful and very difficult to implement the principle of majorities of religion was adopted and had to face numerous difficulties.
British India had two aera of Muslim population majority aera that is West and East part of British India so it was decided that Pakistan would have East and West Pakistan which would be separate by Indian Territory. Many of Muslim did not want to join Pakistan Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan(Frontier Gandhi) strongly the act of partition.Punjab and Bengal were the aera of non Muslim majority these were separated on the basis of religion. Lakhs of Hindus and Sikh migrated to India similarly with Muslims to Pakistan . Innocent people on both the side were attacked plundered and slaughtered.
Consequences of Partition :Partition caused massacre on the both the side of border. The people of one community started killing and injured each other , cities like Lahore, Amritsar , Kolkata divided into Communal Zone where Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims avoid mixing with each other . They were forced to leave the long living homes. They had to shelter at refugee camps . Local administration and police failed to comfort the suffering of the people. They migrated from one country to another on foot, by Road, Rail and thousands of men were butcherly murdered and women were raped.
NEHRU’S APPROACH TO CHALLENGE to NATION BUILDING :
Nehru took strict steps against it and establish THE STATE OF REORGANISATION COMMISSION in 1953 to fulfill regional aspirations of people, all states were brought into Indian Union by signing the Instrument of Accession.
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel’s Role of CHALLENGE to NATION BUILDING :
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel The Iron Man Of India, the first Deputy PM, First Home Minister of free Indi the major leader in Freedom Movement after the Kheda Satyagraha (1918) and Bardoli Satyagraha (1928) , His approach about merging the princely states into Independent India was very clear .Having political experience, diplomatic prowess and foresightedness out of 565 princely states consented to merger the independent India but Hyderabad, Junagarh and Kashmir created the problem.
Integration of Princely States as CHALLENGE to NATION BUILDING :
British India was divided into British India Provinces which were solely under the control of British Government and several princely states who had accepted the British supermacy had enjoy the control over the internal affairs.
The Chief Problem that before Independence the British Government announced at the end of rule over India the Control of British Crown over the565 princely states would also lapse and would be independent to take the decisions to join either India or Pakistan the problem started than The Ruler of Travancore decided to had his state independent, Nawab of Hyderabad took same decision but Nawab of Bhopal unwilling joined the Constituent Assembly. By the response of rulers of princely states it appeared that India would be divided into many small countries and future of democracy appeared dark.
The Interim Government had to face CHALLENGE to NATION BUILDING the firm stance against the possible division of India into small principalities of different sizes Muslim League opposed the Indian National Congress and took the view that states should be set free to adopt any path they liked. Before 15 th August 1947 the peaceful negotations had brought amoung all states whose territories were contiguous to the new boundaries of India into Indian Union by signing the Instrument of Accession which meant that their states agreed to become the part of Indian union.
Accession Of Hyderabad as CHALLENGE to NATION BUILDING :: Hyderabad was the largest princely state of British India and old Hyderabad state were the parts of Maharashtra, Karnataka as well as Andhra Pradesh and the Ruler Nizam of Hyderabad was one of the richest person in the world so he wanted independent state therefore signed the Standstill Agreement in November 1947. In the mean time Peasant of Telangana , women and people of Hyderabad rose against the oppressive rule of Nizam. The City of Hyderabad was on fire , Communist Parties and Hyderabad Congress were in forefront i the movement . Nizam tried to crush the revolt by his army called Raza Kars who murdered, raped and looted non Muslims than Cental Government sent the army to tackle the situation in September 1948 after few days Nizam surrendered and Hyderabad was the part of Indian Union.
Accession Of Manipur as CHALLENGE to NATION BUILDING ::The Maharaj of Manipur Bodha Chandra Singh signed the instrument of accession with India on the assurance that Internal autonomy would be maintained. But under the pressure of people Maharaj held the Universal Adult Franchise election in June 1948 and became the first part of India so state became the constitutional monarchy . The Legislative Assembly of Manipur arose the question abut the merging of the state with India . Congress favored but others were against it. The government of India successfully convinced the Maharaja to sign the Merger Agreement and Manipur became the Part of Indian union in September 1949 without the consultation of Connotational Assembly of Manipur
Kashmir Issue became CHALLENGE to NATION BUILDING :: Hari Singh the maharaja of Kashmir delayed in taking the decision with the aim that they would become the independent state. As there was the revolution among in Muslims in the western border he signed the Instrument of Accession with Indian Government in October 1947, The localize war continued during 1948 and finally ended with the involvement of UN in cease fire in January 1949. In July 1949 India and Pakistan defined the cease fire line i.e. the Line of Control that divide the administration of Territory . many proposals were made to resolve the problem which was followed by Chinese Incursion in Ladak in 1962 , India Pakistan war in 1965,1971. Jammu and Kashmir had been given special status of state by Article 370 in spite of that violence, cross border terrorism has not stopped. Not only this many of Kashmiri Pandits and Hindus have been derived out from the Valley. Indian Government has maintained the strong military deployment to tackle the situation but no fruitful result has yet not produced.
REORGANISTION OF STATES as CHALLENGE to NATION BUILDING:
Redrawing of internal boundaries of states was another problem which accommodate linguistic and cultural diversity.
In the Vishal Andhra Movement separate Andhra demanded the Telugu speaking aera should be separated from Madras Provinces . Potti Sriramulu went to hunger strike till death at 56 days this made the movement violent finally PM Nehru announced Andhra Pradesh as separate in December 1952 this sparkled the fire in the other states so the Central Government formed States Reorganization Commission in 1953 to examine the issue of redrawing the state boundaries. In 1956 the States Reorganization Act was passed as a result of 14 states and 6 union terroteries were formed. Gujarat and Maharashtra was created from Bombay states in 1960, Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh created from Punjab as two linguistic group in 1966 . Meghalaya was curved from Assam in 1972, Manipur and Tripura were emerged as separate states in the same year, The states as Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh came in existence in 1987, Nagaland in 1963 , Chhattisgarh , Uttarakhand and Jharkhand came into being on 1st, 9th,15th November 2000 respectively Telangana on 2nd June 2014
Follow us : Facebook Instagram
Read More : Globalisation