Era of One Party Dominance
Era of One Party Dominance is the chapter from Political Science of Class 12 CBSE covering the whole Syllabus for Board Exam appearing students with important last years question banks which is highly benefical to the students appearing for board exams and for competition appearing students.
Era of One Party Dominance
Our leaders believed in the idea of Democracy and it’s crucial roe in politics, they considered politics as the source of solving problems instead of creating problems. Only Society of the country decides how it has to govern and regulate itself by adopting different policy alternatives. Democratic Politics is the suitable way to resolve the conflict within society. The main objective of political activity is based on prsuing the interest of general people.
SETTING UP PLANNING COMMISSION in Era of One Party Dominance :
Indian constitution came into effect on 26th January 1950 till than there was interim government so it became important to establish democratically elected government very soon by means of First General Election to put the constitution into practice Election Commission was set up in January 1950 under First Chief Election Commissioner Sukumar Sen as per the size of the country it was difficult to conduct election
Problem Faced by Commission in Era of One Party Dominance : To conduct the election properly, delimitation of electoral constituencies is required by EC. To prepare the electoral roll of all the citizens who can vote was also the challenging task foe EC. It was most difficult task to conduct such big election . It had to work upon some special method of voting as providing the training to more than 3 lakhs officers and polling staff was also difficult task so the election might be conducted fairly
Changing Method Of Voting in Era of One Party Dominance :
In First General Election Era of One Party Dominance ,inside the polling booth a box for each candidate with election symbol of the candidate was placed and each voter was given the blank ballot paper which they have to drop into the box of the candidate they wanted to vote after the two successive election this method was changed now voter was given the ballot paper with the symbol and name of the contesting candidate and voter had to stamp the desired candidate and put in a single box by the end of 1990 the election commission started EVM by 2004 the entire country voted by EVM
GENERAL ELECTION in Era of One Party Dominance
: First General Election was postponed twice by finally From October1951 – February 1952 was held. The election was considered in 1952 as most of the part of the country voted in January 1952 . It took 6 months for campaigning , polling and counting . It became the landmark in the history of Democracy all over the world.
Era of One Party Dominance as CONGRESS DOMINANCE IN THE FIRST 3 ELECTION: The result of election was same as expected because of Jawaharlal Nehru was the most popular leader in the Indian Poltics. He led the Congress Campaign through out the country. Out of 489 seats Congress won 364 seats, The Communist Party of India won 16 seats. The state election were also held with Lok Sabha election. Congress had good margin victory in state election except in Travancore, Cochin, Madaras and Odisha. The same result was repeated in 2nd and 5rd election in 1957 and 1962 won 3/4 majority,
Nature of Congress as Era of One Party Dominance : India is the best example of Dominance of one party was ensured by compromising democracy this was the example set up by the African National Congress in South Africa after the end of apartheid.
Factors Responsible In Era of One Party Dominance :
The root of the success of the Congress was the active participation in Freedom struggle , the leaders who were active in the movement were contesting the election as Candidates of Congress . The Congress was well organised party . By the time the other parties could think of strategy the congress had already started the campagin . Many parties were formed after Independence so they did have much advantage.
The Congress became the party of social Coalition in terms of class ,castes , religion and language. Many groups either merged their identity within the congress or continued to remain within congress holding different belief so Congress became the ideological coalition in Era of One Party Dominance .The Congress party was the platform for numerous groups, interests and Political Parties to take part in National Movement.
The Coalition like character of Congress made it stronger. They accommodate all those who are the part of it and strike balance on almost all issues `with compromise character. This methods made opposition to be developed because all issues and concerns find a suitable place in the ideology of Congress . This has developed a grater tolerance of internal difference and accommodate the needs of various groups and leaders
EMERGENCE OF OPPOSITION PARTIES in Era of One Party Dominance
After Independence during interim government that ruled the country after the declaration of independence and the first general election included the opposition leader like Dr. Ambedkar, Shyama Prasad Mukherjee i n cabinet and Nehru invited Jay Prakash Narayan from the Socialist Party to join the Government.
There were the Ideological Differences so several leaders within the Congress disagreed with Nehru’s policies (e.g., economic planning, socialism, non-alignment).Leaders like Shyama Prasad Mukherjee broke away to form Bharatiya Jana Sangh in 1951.)
Certain groups and regions felt underrepresented or neglected (e.g., peasants, tribals, linguistic groups).This led to regional parties and interest-based movements gaining popularity.Many Congress leaders who didn’t get space or power within the party broke away to form or join opposition groups
Bharatiya Jana Sangh (1951) advocating Hindu nationalism. Socialist Party: Advocated democratic socialism; broke away from Congress. Communist Party of India (CPI) supporting leftist ideology and worker-peasant movements. Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) came in Tamil Nadu, promoting Tamil identity and opposing Hindi imposition. Swatantra Party (1959): Founded by C. Rajagopalachari who supported free-market policies and opposed Congress socialism
The opposition parties played a crucial role in making democracy more participatory and vibrant.They could question government policies, represented diverse interests, and held the ruling party accountable.
The result was that in 1967 General Elections was marked the first major challenge to Congress dominance in which Congress lost power in several states. Non-Congress coalitions formed governments in states like Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and Punjab
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