Nazism and The Rise of Hitler

Nazism and The Rise of Hitler

Nazism and The Rise of Hitler is the Chapter from History that covers the syllabus of class 9 th with   basic idea of rise of Nazism and it’s effects on German History.

 

THE FIRST  WORLD  WAR  it took place from 1914 to  1918  it was fought  between  the allied powers ( FRANCE , BRITAIN , RUSSIA ) and the  central powers  ( GERMANY , AUSTRIA AND TURKEY ) .

The first world war was ended  with the defeat of central powers ie GERMANY  after this the treaty of  VERSALLIES  took place in 1919,

Germany had  to sign  a harsh and humiliating treaty at Versailles . with the Allied Powers .

TREATY OF  VERSAILLIES : 

a) Germany was held responsible for the war

b) Germany was forced to pay  compensation of 6 billion pounds  under  the war  guild clause

c) Germany lost all its overseas colonies , 10% of its population, 13%  of it territories 75% of its iron 26% of its coal  to allied powers ,

d) Germany was demilitarized to weaken its powers 

e)Resource rich  Rhineland was also occupied by Allied Powers .

 

 

WEIMER REPUBLIC : 

When Germany was defeated in first world war than  abdication of the emperor , after that democratic constitution  with the federal structure was established. Weimer  republic had to face many problems .

a) The Great  Economic  Depression (1929 – 32) further hit the Germany economy. Industrial  production  fell and unemployment level became very high .

b) The Weimer Republic had to face the revolutionary uprising of the  spartacist league c) With the changing  situation in 1923 ,t printed paper currency recklessly , with too much  printed money in the circulation , the value of Germany currency fell and piece of goods soared. Thus they  had to face  hyperinflation . 

d)The Weimer Republic had to pay the war compensation  which had crippled it financially e)It had signed  the treaty a Versailles and hence  it was held responsible accepting the humiliating provisions.

 

RISE  AND FALL OF HILTER :

i) Adolf Hitler born in Austria in 1889  and earned  medals for his bravery in the German army during the first world war

ii) He headed  the National Socialist German Workers , The Party which later became  the Nazi Party 

iii)On 30 January Hitler became the Chancellor

iv) On 28 February 1933 Hitler indefinitely suspended civic rights , freedom of speech , press and assembly by means THE FIRE DECREE 

v) On 3 March 1933   The enabling Act was passed it gave  Hitler  all powers to sideline parliament and rule by decree. Tus Dictatorship was established in Germany .

vi) Germany was pulled out of League of Nation in 1933  and reoccupied the Rhineland in 1936 

vii) They integrated Austria and Germany in 1938 under the  slogan  one people, one empire , one leader

ix) Hitler invaded  Poland in September 1939 this started the 2nd world war

  x) In   September 1940 Tripartite Pact was signed between Germany ,Italy and Japan . They were known as AXIS POWERs

xi) Allied Powers , included the France ,Britain , USA, Soviet Union 

xii) He attacked the Soviet Union in June in 1941 

xiii) Germany defeated in May 1945

xiv) In August 1945 USA dropped atom bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

xv ) With the defeat of Japan the second  world war ended . The allied powers won the war

REASONS FOR THE RISE OF HILTER :

a) The weakness of Weimer Republic

b) Nazi Propaganda

c) Un employment  d) Harsh and  humiliating provisions of the Treaty Of Versailles

e) Great Recession of 1929-32

f) Fear of proletariatarisation

THE NAZI  VIEWS  :

a) RACIAL  SUPREMACY : Hitler considered  Nordic German  Aryans at the top while jews were located at the bottom .

b) CONCEPT OF LEBENSRAUM : It means living space  Hitler believed that new territories had to be acquired for the settlement of the German people

c) The Nazi believed in the strong  leadership . Hitler adopted the title Der Fuher mean leader slogan Like Adolf Hitler is Germany and Germany is Hitler 

 d) National Socialism  the Nazi criticized both  capitalism and Socialism but they espoused a philosophy  called  National Socialism.

YOUTH OF NAZI ;

HITLER thought that  a strong  Nazi society  could be established only by teaching  children the Nazi  ideology .He took the following steps to achieve  this aim by  dismissing Jews  from schools, Children were segregated between Germen and Jews they cannot sit together .

Jews were considered the undesirable children/ physically handicapped . Gypsies  were through out of the schools . The text books were rewritten Racial science was introduced to justify Nazi ideas of race .

Children were made loyal , submissive, hate Jews and worship Hitler . The youth organizations were made responsible for educating German youth  in the spirit of national socialism .

After a period of rigorous  ideological and physical  training they joined the labor service  then they have to serve in the armed forces  enter one of the Nazi  organizations .

CONDITION OF WOMEN ;

In German girls were taught to be good mother rear  pure blooded Aryan Children . Girls had to maintain the purity  of the race, distance themselves from jews, look  after the home  and teach their children the Nazi Ideology Hitler said that  in my state the mother  is the most important citizen but in Nazi  Germany  were not treated equally. 

Women who bore racially undesirable  children were punished and those who bore desirable children were awarded ,she was encouraged to produce more children the women  who were deviated from  the prescribed code of conduct were publicly condemned and severely punished

NAZI  PROPOGANDA :

i) Propaganda films were made to create hate for jews the most infamous film was The Eternal Jews 

ii)Nazi ideas were spread through  visual image s, films radio posters ,catchy slogans and leaflets 

 iii) Media was carefully used to win support for the  regime and popularize its  world view 

iv) Evacuation meant deporting people  to gas chambers mass killing were termed special treatment ,final solution  for Jews and Euthanasia for the disabled selections and disinfections 

v) Orthodox Jews were stereotyped and marked

HOLOCAUST :

The mass killing  of millions of Jews  by Nazi regime is called Holocaust .  Jews were taken to gas chamber  and were killed.

In the second world war

The allied powers were FRANCE , BRITAIN , USSR , USA 

the Axis Powers GERMANY , ITALY AND JAPAN .

Read More ; Russian Revolution

Read More : French Revolution

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