Recent Developments in Indian Politics
Recent Developments in Indian Politics is the chapter from political Science of class 12 CBSE covering the syllabus of the whole chapter of Recent Developments in Indian Politics with previous year important questions very useful for the students appearing the board exam and Competitions.
Recent Developments in Indian Politics
After the assassination of Indira Gandhi in 1984, Rajeev Gandhi became the PM through the massive majority in Lok Sabha Election. Some of the developments visible during the end of eighties which made long lasting impact on Indian Politics.
a) End of Congress as Recent Developments in Indian Politics:
The defeat of congress started from 1989 , the party which won 415 seats in 1984 election reduced to 197 seats in 1989 elections as Recent Developments in Indian Politics, this year was the end of Congress System . The Congress improved itself in performance and again came in power in mid term election in 1991.
b) Mandal Issue as Recent Developments in Indian Politics
: Next development was the rise of Madal issue in National Politics. The new National front Government implemented the recommendation of Mandal Commission in 1990 as Recent Developments in Indian Politics which meant that jobs in Central Governments should be reserved for OBC’s The disputes arose between supporters and opponents of OBC’s came to be known as Mandal Issue which helped in shaping the Indian Politics 1989.
c)New Economic Reforms as Recent Developments in Indian Politics:
It was initiated in 1991 by P V Narasimha Rao that changed the direction of Indian Economy. It was criticized by various movement and organisations. Reforms were evident in the form of additional sectors that were reserved for Public Sectors as Recent Developments in Indian Politics
d) Ayodhya Issue as Recent Developments in Indian Politics:
Another burning issue of Recent Developments in Indian Politics was the demolition of Babri Masjid in December 1992 and rise of Hindutva Politics. This events brought various changes in the Politics of Country which intensified debates on the nature of Indian Nationalism and Secularism. These development upgrade BJP and rose the idea of Hindutva.
e) Change in Congress leadership as Recent Developments in Indian Politics:
After the assassination of Rajeev Gandhi in May 1991 led to change in leadership of the congress P V Narsimha Rao was chosen as PM,
Era of Coalitions as Recent Developments of Indian Politics:
With 1989 elections, an Era of Coalition came up with the beginning of 3rd electoral system .The era is built around the core principles that includes a sharp rise in political competition at National level that was declining the margin of victory in parliamentary races. Recent Developments in Indian Politics that Congress Party became the largest party but ready to sit in the opposition whereas National Front with the alliance of Janta Dal , and other regional Parties got the support of BJP and Left form the Government but did not join the Government.
Decline Of Congress as Recent Developments in Indian Politics: The end of Congress dominance in Indian Party system started after the defeat of Congree in the election in late 1960 when the dominance was challenged Indira Gandhi successfully reestablish the dominance in Indian Politics . During 1990 another challenge was witnessed by Congress due to emergence of Multi party system
Alliance Politics as the Recent Developments In Indian Politics :
The Political alliance is the agreement for the Co operation among the different political parties on the common political agenda often for the purpose of contesting the election for mutual benefit . In 1990 there was emergence of powerful parties and movements represented by Dalits and OBC’s. These parties played an important role in the formation of United Front Government in 1996 with the support of Congress. Between 1989 and 1990 The National Front was a coalition of the political parties led by Janta Dal that constituted India’s Government under the leadership of PV Narsimha Rao. In 1996 Recent Developments in Indian Politics thatafter the general election the United Front created the Coalition Government first for 13 days as both Left and BJP supported National Front with view to keep Congress out of Power on other hand Left continued to Support the non Congress Government with the support of Congress and made BJP out of Power . BJP consolidated it’s position during 1991 and 1996 than emerged as the largest Party with 199 seats and was invited to form the Government , the Coalition Government was formed from May 1989 to June 1999 and again reelected in October 1999 in terms of National Democratic Alliance (NDA) under leadership of Atal Bihari Vajpayee in the phase of coalition in1989 nine government were at the Centre either minority or supported by the others.
Rise of Backward Classes in Indian Politics as Recent Developments in Indian Politics:
Many non Congress parties like Janta Party, Bhartiya Kranti Dal, Samyukta Social Party had powerful rural base among OBC’s
Mandal Implementation: Southern States had the reservation for OBC’s since 1960 but that was not in the Northern states . Janta Party Government 1977-79 rose the demand for the reservation of OBC’s in the Northern States as well as National Level so the Central Government established the Commission to improve the condition of poor’s. The Committee was known as Mandal Commission under the chairmanship of Bind Eshwari Prasad Mandal
Recommendation Of Madal Commission : It was established to investigate the social and educational status of Backward classes of Indian society. It recommended the ways to identify the backward classes and the ways how it can be ended . He gave his report in 1980 and advised that backward classes should be understood Backward Castes as Scheduled Castes were also treated as low castes . He recommended 27% reservation in Educational and Government Jobs . It also recommended the land reforms to improve the conditions of OBC’s .In August 1990 The national front Government decided to implement one of the recommendation of reservation of OBC’s in jobs of Central Government.
Consequences Of Mandal Commission: The decision of Mandal Commission created the great agitation and Violence through out the country it was challenged in Supreme court and came to be known as Indira Sawhney case (name of petitioners) in November 1992 the supreme Court uphold the decision of Government.
Political Fallouts :In 1978 the Backward. and Minority Communities Employees Federation (BAMCEF). This organisation took strong position in Favour of Political power to Bahujan as SC, ST, OBC and minorities , Dalit Shashit Samaj Sangharsh Samiti later known as Bahujan Samaj Party under leadership of Kashi Ram was another Recent Developments in Indian Politics. BSP began small party supported largely by the Dalits of Punjab, Haryana and UP but in 1989 and 1991 it achieved a breakthrough in UP this was the first time that Political Party supported by Dalits had great success . In fact BSP based on Pragmatic Politics. They had confidence that the Bahujan (SC, ST, OBC and others) constitute the majority of the Population and were formidable political forces on the strength since than it became the major Political Party player in state and government formation though it has expanded it’s support in many social groups.
Communalism, Secularism and Democracy : The long term Recent Developments in Indian Politics changed the Communal politics. After Emergency Bhartiya Jan Sangh merged into the Janta Party, with the split of Janta Party Jana Sangh formed Bhartiya Janta Party (BJP) in 1980 they adopted a broader politics and Gandhian Socialism as ideology but could not get success in the election of 1980 and1984 after 1986 the party emphasized the Hindu Nationalist Element and began the Politics of Hindutva with the V D Savarkar who defined Hindutva as the basis of nation hood it means that everyone in India should accept India not only as Fatherland and holy land .
Shah Bano Case : In this 62 year old Muslim lady had filed the alimony case from her ex husband. Supreme Court held the decision in her favour but orthodox Muslim believed the Supreme Court was interfering the Muslim Personal law. The Government passed the Muslim Women Protection Rights on Divorce Act 1986 to make invalid the supreme Court Judgement was also Recent Developments in Indian Politics
Ayodhya Disputes: In February 1986 the Faizabad district Court ordered to open the Babri Majid and Hindus were allowed to go the premises and worship and offer prayer which they considered the temple. The Babri Majid was built by Mir Baqi the General of Babar in 16th century at Ayodhya . Mobilization began as it was opened and BJP made the issue it’s major electoral and political planks many symbolic mobilization programs were conducted by BJP and Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP) in December 1992 the organizations supporting the Karseva for building the Ram Temple the Supreme Government ordered the state Government to protect the disputed primes . On 6th December 1992 the Babri Majid was demolished by thousands of Karsevees and Mumbai violence took place in January 1993 in Mumbai Blast.
The BJP Government of the state was dismissed by the Centre and President Rule in the States under BJP .Recent Developments in Indian Politics that the Case was filed against the Chief Minister of UP Kalayaan Singh was registered as he had undertaken that the disputed aera would be protected he was charged of contempt of court . BJP expressed their regret and Central Government appointed the commission to investigate the circumstances and most of the political parties believed that step was against Secularism of Country,
Emergence of New Consensus : After 1989 there was riisein BJP and decline in the Congress, despite of serve competition and many conflicts broader Consensus emerged on many Crucial issues that is Agreement on new Economic Policy , Second acceptance of political and Social claims of Backward classes. Most of the Political Parties accepted the reservation of seats foe backward classes in education as well as in employment and OBC should get adequate share of powers , The Role of Regional Parties Fourth focus on pragmatic consideration rather than ideological many focused on Practical Consideration.
Lok Sabha election of 2004 was the Recent Developments in Indian Politics in which NDA was defeated and coalition Government Of UPA came in Power they received the support of Left and there was partial revival of congress it seats increased first time since 1991but in 2004 there was marginal difference between UPA and NDA vote share in 2009 election UPA again formed the Government Congress bagged 209 seats and Manmohan Singh became the PM for two successive Terms. The Government focus on Employment Generation, equity and many other important agenda
Than the Recent Developments in Indian Politics in May 2014 NDA under the leadership on Narendra Modi won the election and the Government with absolute majority came in power at Centre with dominance of BJP , the previous coalitions led by national parties but this time BJP was in full majority it was called Surplus majority coalition ie one party dominance coalition and 2019 BJP again came in Power led by NDA and wining 350 seats out of 543 and BJP itself bagged 303 seats in Lok Sabha the biggest number of single party
A major change in the Indian Politics after 2014 is the shift from caste and religion based politics to the development and governance oriented politics .with its intended goal Sabka Sath and Sabka Vikas it started many of the serval socio economic welfare schemes such as Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana, Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, Jan Dhan Yojana, Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana , Kisan Fasal Yojana , Beti Padhao Desh Badhao, Ayushman Bharat Yojana etc
Read More : Regional Aspirations
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