Russian Revolution
Russian Revolution chapter from History class 9 covers the whole syllabus and gives basic of revolution.
RUSSIAN REVOLUTION :
The French Revolution opened up the the possibility of creating a dramatic change in society , there were the groups and ideas that looked to change society according to their thoughts and visions .
The three groups were CONSERVATIVES , LIBERALS AND RADICALS .
CONSERVATIVES are those who opposed liberal and radicals ,asserted that past must be respected and the changes take place in them is very slow
LIBERALS ;
They have tolerance of all religions, it opposed the uncontrolled power of King, It always support the rights of the individuals , liberals always support the representative , elected parliamentary government and independent judiciary they are in favour of vote including women and also supported the private property .
RADICALS :
Radicals are the government based on majority , they opposes the privileges given to great landowners and wealthy factory owners . Many of radicals supported women’s suffragette movements. Radicals always supported the private property but against the concentration of property in the hands of few
MAIN PROBLEMS OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION :
Greater amount of unemployment , Workers have to do work for long hours and were given low wages by which they unable to meet their both ends as the population was more so there was great problem of housing and sanitation which created unhealthy atmosphere .
SOCIALISM :
Socialist were against the private property but had different ideas on how a society without property could operate. Some of visions of socialists are follows:
ROBERT OWETEN :
He was sought to build a co-operative community .
LOUIS BLANC :
He wanted the government to encourage the co- operatives and replace capitalist enterprises.
KARL MARX and FREDRICK ENGELS :
They argued that the industrial society was capitalist. The Capitalists owned the capital invested in the factories and the profit of the was produced by workers Thus capitalists exploit the workers.
MARX believed that this capitalist system would be triumphed by the workers and socialist society would be established where all property would be socially controlled.
AUTOCRACY
Itis the rule by the king with the absolute powers the RUSSIAN Parliament is called DUMA
BLOODY SUNDAY : When the procession of workers near Winter Palace in St Petersburg they were attacked by the police. In this incident more than 100workers were killed and 300 worker were badly wounded.
This incident took place On 22 nd January 1905 the day of Sunday so itis called Bloody Sunday It was the violent phase of Russian Revolution .
FEBRUARY REVOLUTION :
In February there was acute shortage of food in the worker quarters due to which many workers started protest. Soldiers also joined them Sensing the trouble the tsar abdicated and a provisional government was formed and the monarch was brought down in the February Revolution of 1917 ,dissolution of Russian Empire.
APRIL THESES :
In April 1917 the Bolshevik leader, Vladimir Lenin returned to Russia from his exile . He presented three demands which were known as Lenin’s April Theses that was
i) The first world war must be brought to a close
ii) Land must be transferred to the peasants
iii) Banks should be nationalized
OCTOBER REVOLUTION 1917 :
There was great conflict between the Provisional Government the uprising was growing in Bolsheviks against the government .Lenin emphasized on the uprising against the government.
The uprising began on 24 October 1917 .By the night fall the city was completely under control of Bolsheviks the ministers of the government surrendered this kind of uprising spread in other cities gradually in whole country this revolution came to be known as October revolution
RUSSIA AFTER REVOLTION ;
After revolution of October in Russia
i) Private property was eradicated
ii)Russia became one party state and Russian Communist Party was the only party in Russia
iii)Most of industries and Banks was nationalized
iv)Russia signed the peace pact with Germany Land was declared social property and land of nobility was seized .
v) Beginning of civil was in Russia
vi) Censorship in all aspects of life was imposed
. vii) Ban on the old titles of aristocracy
CIVIL WAR :
After the revolution, the entire Russia was divided in three groups
i) Bolshevik’s the reds
ii) Socialist Revolutionaries the green
iii) The Tsarist the whites
The civil war among these groups started in Russia . The Greens and Whites were supported by France , USA, Japan and Britain. Looting , Banditry and famine became common during the civil war .
COLLECTIVISATION :
Stalin started the Collectivization programme in Russia .Under this the peasants were forced to cultivation collective farms. The bulk of land and the implements were transferred to the ownership of collective farms. Peasants worked on the land and the profit of the farm was shared
SOCIALIZATION OF THE RUSSIAN SOCIETY :
After the October Revolution The Russian Society became socialized such as i) Nationalization of Banks and Industries
ii) Collective Farming
iii) Central planning the beginning of five year plans
iii) An extended schooling system developed, arrangements were made for factory workers and peasants to enter the universities
iv) Model living quarters for the workers
v) Creches were established the factories
vi)Availability of cheap public health care.
Conclusion :Russian Revolution
Russian Revolution is one of the most important events in the world history which changed the scenario of the whole world history and politics . The important revolutions , bloody Sunday and civil war changed the mental attitude of the people of Russian in formation of socialization.
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