THE FIRST WORLD WAR it took place from 1914 to 1918 it was fought between the allied powers ( FRANCE , BRITAIN , RUSSIA ) and the central powers ( GERMANY , AUSTRIA AND TURKEY ) . The first world war was ended with the defeat of central powers ie GERMANY after this the treaty of VERSALLIES took place in 1919, Germany had to sign a harsh and humiliating treaty at Versailles . with the Allied Powers .
TREATY OF VERSAILLIES : a) Germany was held responsible for the war b) Germany was forced to pay compensation of 6 billion pounds under the war guild clause c) Germany lost all its overseas colonies , 10% of its population, 13% of it territories 75% of its iron 26% of its coal to allied powers ,d) Germany was demilitarized to weaken its powers e)Resource rich Rhineland was also occupied by Allied Powers .
WEIMER REPUBLIC : When Germany was defeated in first world war than abdication of the emperor , after that democratic constitution with the federal structure was established. Weimer republic had to face many problems . a) The Great Economic Depression (1929 – 32) further hit the Germany economy. Industrial production fell and unemployment level became very high . b) The Weimer Republic had to face the revolutionary uprising of the spartacist league c) With the changing situation in 1923 ,t printed paper currency recklessly , with too much printed money in the circulation , the value of Germany currency fell and piece of goods soared. Thus they had to face hyperinflation . d)The Weimer Republic had to pay the war compensation which had crippled it financially e)It had signed the treaty a Versaillies and hence it was held responsible accepting the humiliating provisions.
RISE AND FALL OF HILTER : i) Adolf Hitler born in Austria in 1889 and earned medals for his bravery in the German army during the first world war ii) He headed the National Socialist German Workers , The Party which later became the Nazi Party iii)On 30 January Hitler became the Chancellor iv) On 28 February 1933 Hitler indefinitely suspended civic rights , freedom of speech , press and assembly by means THE FIRE DECREE v) On 3 March 1933 The enabling Act was passed it gave Hitler all powers to sideline parliament and rule by decree. Tus Dictatorship was established in Germany . vi) Germany was pulled out of League of Nation in 1933 and reoccupied the Rhineland in 1936 vii) They integrated Austria and Germany in 1938 under the slogan one people, one empire , one leader ix) Hitler invaded Poland in September 1939 this started the 2nd world war x) In September 1940 Tripartite Pact was signed between Germany ,Italy and Japan . They were known as AXIS POWERs xi) Allied Powers , included the France ,Britain , USA, Soviet Union xii) He attacked the Soviet Union in June in 1941 xiii) Germany defeated in May 1945 xiv) In August 1945 USA dropped atom bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki xv ) With the defeat of Japan the second world war ended . The allied powers won the war
REASONS FOR THE RISE OF HILTER : a) The weakness of Weimer Republic b) Nazi Propaganda c) Un employment d) Harsh and humiliating provisions of the Treaty Of Versailles e) Great Recession of 1929-32 f) Fear of proletariatarisation
THE NAZI VIEWS : a) RACIAL SUPREMACY : Hitler considered Nordic German Aryans at the top while jews were located at the bottom . b) CONCEPT OF LEBENSRAUM : It means living space Hitler believed that new territories had to be acquired for the settlement of the German people c) The Nazi believed in the strong leadership . Hitler adopted the title Der Fuher mean leader slogan Like Adolf Hitler is Germany and Germany is Hitler d) National Socialism the Nazi criticized both capitalism and Socialism but they espoused a philosophy called National Socialism.
YOUTH OF NAZI ; HITLER thought that a strong Nazi society could be established only by teaching children the Nazi ideology .He took the following steps to achieve this aim by dismissing Jews from schools, Children were segregated between Germen and Jews they cannot sit together . Jews were considered the undesirable children/ physically handicapped . Gypsies were through out of the schools . The text books were rewritten Racial science was introduced to justify Nazi ideas of race . Children were made loyal , submissive, hate Jews and worship Hitler . The youth organizations were made responsible for educating German youth in the spirit of national socialism .After a period of rigorous ideological and physical training they joined the labor service then they have to serve in the armed forces enter one of the Nazi organizations .
CONDITION OF WOMEN ; In German girls were taught to be good mother rear pure blooded Aryan Children . Girls had to maintain the purity of the race, distance themselves from jews, look after the home and teach their children the Nazi Ideology Hitler said that in my state the mother is the most important citizen but in Nazi Germany were not treated equally. Women who bore racially undesirable children were punished and those who bore desirable children were awarded ,she was encouraged to produce more children the women who were deviated from the prescribed code of conduct were publicly condemned and severely punished
NAZI PROPOGANDA : i) Propaganda films were made to create hate for jews the most infamous film was The Eternal Jews ii)Nazi ideas were spread through visual image s, films radio posters ,catchy slogans and leaflets iii) Media was carefully used to win support for the regime and popularize its world view iv) Evacuation meant deporting people to gas chambers mass killing were termed special treatment ,final solution for Jews and Euthanasia for the disabled selections and disinfections v) Orthodox Jews were stereotyped and marked
HOLOCAUST : The mass killing of millions of Jews by Nazi regime is called Holocaust . Jews were taken to gas chamber and were killed.
In the second world war The allied powers were FRANCE , BRITAIN , USSR , USA the Axis Powers GERMANY , ITALY AND JAPAN .